乡村空间重构的理论研究进展与理论框架构建     

金利霞  文志敏  范建红  杜志威 《热带地理》2020,40(5):765-774

在新时代城乡融合发展、乡村地域人地关系日益复杂的背景下，乡村空间重构成为乡村地理学研究的重要课题。西方“后生产主义”语境下，乡村空间研究开始出现消费转向、社会-文化转向和后现代转向，多功能、全球化乡村转型与空间重构研究成为西方乡村空间研究的热点；国内研究主要基于乡村地理学人地关系地域系统理论展开乡村空间重构过程—机理—调控研究以及微观视角下农户经济空间行为研究；当前，中国乡村空间重构呈现自上而下的政治经济学转型特征，具有中国特色的农村集体组织与政府、企业、个人等其他主体之间的空间-权力关系成为乡村空间重构的重要视角。政治经济地理学及“社会-空间”二元辩证法为乡村空间重构研究提供了很好的研究范式与研究方法，乡村空间重构研究应系统整合空间生产、主体能动性、土地资本化、社会关系网络、人地关系地域系统和农户地理等政治经济学、地理学理论，强化自然、经济、社会和文化等多要素相互作用及其空间响应机制研究，重点开展多要素多维度的乡村空间格局形成及演变规律研究、乡村社会空间再生产研究、能动性视角下乡村劳动力空间生产研究、政府政策制度与城乡空间治理体系创新研究。  相似文献   

基于细分行业的安徽省创新型企业集聚研究     

白如山  胡森林  庄良  刘岩  刘恺恺  黄鹏娜 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1190-1201

创新型企业作为塑造创新地理格局的重要力量，其区位选择的外部特征及内在机理亟须予以系统化研究。基于对安徽省创新型企业的细分行业与空间建库，采用核密度估计和地理探测器等方法，对细分行业下的创新型企业空间集聚特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：（1）安徽省创新型企业类型以先进制造和自动化为主，并以生物与新医药、新材料、电子信息为辅；（2）创新型企业空间集聚的不均衡特征显著，呈现出“一核一带多节点”的集聚分布特征，且合肥、芜湖是两个重要集聚区；不同细分行业视角下创新型企业的空间分布形态各异，可归纳为点-轴式、极核式、双核式及多核分散式等4种空间组织形态。（3）创新型因子对于创新型企业的空间集聚最为重要，但传统型和政策型因子的重要性仍不容忽视。其中，产业基础、人力资本、创新投入是最核心的因素，但各行业创新型企业的影响因素作用力则表现出一定的异质性。  相似文献   

A land-use mix allocation model considering adjacency,intensity, and proximity     

Sunyong Eom  Tsutomu Suzuki  Myeong-Hun Lee 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(5):899-923

ABSTRACT

Land-Use Mix (LUM) refers to the strategy of integrating complementary functions within a building or area. While LUM has become a dominant approach in urban planning, its actual benefits and vision for spatial planning remain unclear. To clarify this issue, this study discerns the spatial features of land-use patterns depending on the compatibilities among land-use categories. Accordingly, this study introduces three LUM measures – adjacency, intensity, and proximity – to identify differences in the spatial distribution of land-use categories. Based on these measures, a land-use allocation model is developed to specify spatial patterns satisfying the given compatibilities. This model is tested by applying the concept of the neighborhood unit on a case study of normative land-use patterns subject to specified compatibilities. The results describe spatial features of four compatibility sets, including a set exhibiting a compatibility conflict between the same land-use pair and LUM measures when, for example, a given land-use pair is compatible in terms of intensity but incompatible in terms of proximity. Understanding the spatial features of a normative land-use pattern that satisfies various possible compatibilities will facilitate the incorporation of the LUM approach into local planning guidance and zoning ordinances.  相似文献   

空间分析与生物地球化学循环:西藏林周县大骨节病患病村与非患病村的比较研究     

田原  查欣洁  高星  戴尔阜  余成群 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(2):232-246

西藏林周县是我国大骨节病(KBD)患病较为严重的地区之一,本文将林周县作为研究区,通过使用地理探测器(GeoDetector)量化分析KBD患病率风险因子的影响,并使用环境化学方法验证空间分析结果。通过对10个潜在影响因子的分析以及对当地KBD患病村和非患病村的土壤-水-粮食-人这一生物地球化学循环的环境化学分析,结果表明:(1)林周县KBD由一组多重且交互作用的环境影响因子共同作用影响,其中最重要的控制因子是地层因子;(2)所有环境介质(土壤、水、谷物)及人体组织中的硒元素浓度在KBD患病区均低于非患病区;(3)当地居民对硒和铬的摄入严重不足,尤其是KBD患病村中居民硒元素平均日摄入量(ADD)大约仅为世界卫生组织(WHO)建议的成人基本摄入量下限的4%;(4)我们推测,当地居民患病主要是由于地层这一影响因子,这是由于通过生态系统的迁移转化导致当地人口严重硒缺乏,最终导致地方性生物地球化学硒缺乏。  相似文献   

Spatial measurements of stream baseflow,a relevant method for aquifer characterization and permeability evaluation. Application to a hard‐rock aquifer,the Oman ophiolite     

B. Dewandel  P. Lachassagne  A. Qatan 《水文研究》2004,18(17):3391-3400

The structure, functioning and hydrodynamic properties of aquifers can be determined from an analysis of the spatial variability of baseflow in the streams with which they are associated. Such analyses are based on simple low‐cost measurements. Through interpreting the hydrological profiles (Q = f(A)) it is possible to locate the aquifer(s) linked to the stream network and to determine the type of interrelated flow, i.e. whether the stream drains or feeds the aquifer. Using an analytical solution developed for situations with a positive linear relationship, i.e. where the baseflow increases linearly with increasing catchment size, it is also possible to estimate the permeability of the aquifer(s) concerned at catchment scale. Applied to the hard‐rock aquifers of the Oman ophiolite, this method shows that the ‘gabbro’ aquifer is more permeable than the ‘peridotite’ aquifer. As a consequence the streams drain the peridotites and ‘leak’ into the gabbro. The hydrological profiles within the peridotite are linear and positive, and indicate homogeneity in the hydrodynamic properties of these formations at the kilometre scale. The permeability of the peridotite is estimated at 5 · 10^?7 to 5 · 10^?8 m/s. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

莱州湾南岸潍河下游地区咸水入侵灾害成因及特征   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

刘恩峰  张祖陆  沈吉  宋俊峰 《地球科学与环境学报》2004,26(3):78-82,87

通过对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵较严重地潍河下游地区晚更新世以来沉积特征及现代自然环境条件变化的分析，探讨了沉积相对咸水入侵产生及空间范围特征的环境机理。晚更新世以来的三次海平面升降变化造成了潍河下游地区海陆沉积环境交替，形成了巨厚的海陆交互相沉积层。海进时期，大面积的滨海平原被淹没，在近海平原洼地滞留的海水经过蒸发、浓缩变为卤水，成为咸水入侵的物源；海退后陆源碎屑在滨海地区沉积形成了巨厚的古河道砂层。20世纪70年代末期以来，随着对地下淡水的过度开采，淡咸水水头压力差减小．卤水通过古河道砂层快速南侵。通过对潍河下游地区100余个地质钻孔水化学连续监测资料分析，阐明了咸水入侵的特征，有针对性地提出了咸水入侵的防治措施。  相似文献   

空间信息网络服务中的数据安全策愀     

崔铁军  郭黎  张斌  王玉海 《测绘软科学研究》2009,(2):10-14

以地理信息网络服务的安全策略为研究对象，根据我国空间数据生产到应用整个流程保密管理规定，研究地理空间数据在存储、分发、传输、表现以及与其他系统集成应用阶段上的安全策略，解决地理空间数据共享与空间数据安全之间的矛盾。  相似文献   

P‐wave transmission across fractures with nonlinear deformational behaviour     

X. B. Zhao  J. Zhao  J. G. Cai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(11):1097-1112

Stress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. When the wave amplitude is large, fractures experience nonlinear deformation during the wave propagation. This paper presents a study on normal transmission of P‐wave across parallel fractures with nonlinear deformational behaviour (static Barton–Bandis model). The results show that the magnitude of transmission coefficient is a function of incident wave amplitude, nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. Two important indices of nondimensional fracture spacing are identified, and they divide the area of nondimensional fracture spacing into three parts (individual fracture area, transition area and small spacing area). In the different areas, the magnitude of transmission coefficient has different trends with nondimensional fracture spacing and number of fractures. In addition, the study reveals that under some circumstances, the magnitude of transmission coefficient increases with increasing number of fractures, and is larger than 1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

城市地理数据生产及应用调查与评估分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孔云峰  刘欣亮 《地球信息科学学报》2006,8(3):7-11

国内城市地理数据开发和应用水平差异很大,且不少城市面临诸多困难和挑战。本文使用问卷调查和案例分析的方法评估城市地理数据的开发和应用水平,为城市地理数据资源开发和持续利用提供战略建议。同时分析了地理空间数据的基本特征,强调了地理数据的重要性,提出反映地理空间数据生产与应用水平的关键指标,如专业人才与组织、数据投资与预算、数据生产与供应、数据标准与质量、空间数据基础设施、数据法令与政策、数据应用与效益、数据共享程度、成功应用数目等,建议依据这些基本要素构建评估指标体系。最后提出了城市地理空间数据生产与应用调查的组织、方法和程序,并建议政府主管部门或行业协会尽快展开有关工作。  相似文献   

Pollen-based reconstructions of Holocene vegetation and climatic change of Tibetan Plateau     

唐领余  李春海  于革  沈才明 《极地研究(英文版)》2003,14(2)

A synthesis of Holocene pollen records from the Tibetan Plateau shows the history of vegetation and climatic changes during the Holocene. Palynological evidences from 24 cores/sections have been compiled and show that the vegetation shifted from subalpine/alpine conifer forest to subalpine/alpine evergreen sclerophyllous forest in the southeastern part of the plateau; from alpine steppe to alpine desert in the central, western and northern part; and from alpine meadow to alpine steppe in the eastern and southern plateau regions during the Holocene. These records show that increases in precipitation began about 9 ka from the southeast, and a wide ranging level of increased humidity developed over the entire of the plateau around 8-7 ka, followed by aridity from 6 ka and a continuous drying over the plateau after 4-3 ka. The changes in Holocene climates of the plateau can be interpreted qualitatively as a response to orbital forcing and its secondary effects on the Indian Monsoon which expanded northwards  相似文献